Lagenesi
Neglianni seventies said in Italian fiction fortemovimento a realist who took the name of realism.
DEFINITION
It is a literary and artistic movement that inspired Italian and French alNaturalismo Positivism theorizes strict fedeltàalla actual reality (the 'true') dellesituazioni, the events, environments, characters and unacorrispondenza with feeling and talk about subjects that vengonorappresentati.
- Referring to the works of French naturalism of Emile Zola, but also to Alessandro Manzoni and scapigliatura, the movement tends to describe the life of humble people, outcasts from society who are busy in the struggle for survival against the inevitability of fate.
WHEN
- spread in the years after unification, and continues until the first decade of the twentieth century, reaching full maturity in the last three decades of 'Nineteenth Century (Verga, Capuana, evening, De Roberto, Di Giacomo, Deledda, Lorenzini, Playful, De Amicis).
its characteristics
- Acceptance of scientific laws that govern social life and behavior: the writer tries to discover the laws governing human society, moving from lower social forms to higher ones, as does the scientist in the lab when he tries to discover the laws of physics behind such a phenomenon.
- attention to reality in the dimension of everyday life: the writer prefers a realistic narration and scientific environments and the subjects of storytelling;
- emotions rather than telling, the author presents the situation daily as a scientific inquiry, seeking the causes of its development, which are always natural and determined (determinism or social Darwinism) , also the inner life of man, explainable in terms of psycho-physiological, may be the subject of a scientific or social
... the object are the "human documents", that is true facts , historians, and the analysis of these documents must be conducted with "scrupulous scientific" ... (G. Verga)
- the artist must be guided solely to infer that the true substance of their work by contemporary events that actually happened and instead, merely reflecting the reality that is objective reconstruction in all its aspects and at all levels of society.
- need to play a full and objective reality, according to the canon dell'impressionalità which is the application in the literature of the scientific principle of non-interference of the observer on the observed objects (derived from positivism);
- because of regional differences represented writers to write the way making room for change in the verismo dialects, eliminating all forms of refinement and scholarly rhetoric and introducing the linguistic mimesis.
LEREGOLE
- The artist must be based solely on the truth, must be concluded that the matter of his work from contemporary events that actually happened and preferably and merely reconstruct objectively reflecting reality in all its aspects and at all social levels; Verga is the theory of impersonality: the narrator enters fully in his characters to tell human documents.
- The narrator is the one who collects the thrill of passion, suffering and reveals him, impassive, without blame or exaltation, in putting aside to let the evidence speak of the facts, the logic of things: the theory of Verga 'impersonality.
- The author must get into the skin of his characters, seeing things through their eyes and express with their words. In this way his hand, "will remain absolutely invisible" work. The reader has the impression not to hear a story of facts, but to witness events that took place under his eyes.
- The narrator, in making his characters speak, use their language: a concise style, syntax, simple and unadorned, a peasant language and lively, always interspersed with folk-and proverbial expressions that highlight the ' objectivity of the narrative (autobiographical without intrusion).
- The language and style must be adhered to the characters, settings, possibly drawing on the resources of regional dialects. The language is free of any theoretical and academic sophistication.
- In this respect, the author speaks of linguistic mimesis (mimicry = Hide in the surrounding environment so as to be non-visible).
- Capuana rejects the subordination of literature to extrinsic goals such as the demonstration "experimental" scientific claims and political and social commitment. The "scientific" should not consist in turning the narrative in an experiment to demonstrate the scientific argument, but the technique with which the writer is, which is similar to the method of scientific observation. The scientific word occurs only in the form of art, in the manner in which the artist creates his figures and organizes its material expression.
- second rod, the artistic representation must have "the effect of being the state" must give the impression the story of what really occurred, it must return to "human documents." Not even enough that that is said to be real and documented, it must also be told to bring the reader face to face with the naked fact and straightforward, so you do not have the impression of seeing through a lens of the writer. " To this the writer must "eclipse", that should not appear as narrated by his subjective reactions and its reflections.
ITEM AND SUBJECT
Loscrittore realist:
- deals with real life situations, that lived in the burning national reality: the Southern populace, child labor, migration,
- seeking the truth through the analysis of the lower classes, but the truth does not lead to progress but also reveals a death sentence;
- prefers environments because of the rural populace is not yet contaminated by the prejudices of social convention;
- prefers regional environments and the petty-bourgeois strata of society;
- social environments are mostly small towns, rural, mining or environments of small and middle-class and impoverished aristocrats.
- The Italian verismo had a strong regional and characterization, as the regional situations were deeply diverse, Italian, other issues were also represented by naturalists and environments.
- Al north , greater articulation of the social structure, with the establishment, in addition to elite classes, a middle and lower middle class of professionals and clerical-related classes industrial apparatus, leads to enlargement of the "social base" of literature, ie the number of authors and readers, along with new varieties of literature, the novel use of the novel's appendix. The new positivist culture, new habits and behavior patterns related to the technological revolution, moving the focus on new types of people and new problems: the protagonist of the novels and the theater, next to the farmer and fisherman, is used (De trademarks). New heroes, as noted, are the industrialist, scientist, doctor and teacher (De Amicis). New themes are those of the family, the fundamental cell of society and those of adultery and prostitution.
- Al sud , il verismo, non essendovi un proletariato urbano o i bassifondi di una capitale tentacolare da "studiare", si interessò all'umile vita dei contadini e dei pastori con le loro passioni elementari. Ad un mondo «pressochè vergine e ignoto, il mondo del meridione e delle isole, delle plebi contadine e artigiane, chiuse nella loro opaca renitenza alle forme e agli statuti della civiltà moderna, affioranti per così dire dal buio di una civiltà arcaica, stranamente sopravvissuta dietro le barriere di una secolare solitudine». Questa fu infine la vocazione del verismo italiano, e nel ritrarre la vita dei contadini e delle plebi il verismo obtained his best results. No coincidence that the most representative writers of the current, from a Capuana Verga, De Roberto to Deledda, were southern or island.
LEOP more SIGNIFICANT
Ilromanzo JACINTA Luigi Capuana can be considered a piùrappresentative works of realism. It tells of a case of suicide that vienestudiato, by the author, with a firm scientific if nonaddirittura clinic. Other Colossus of realism is I Malavoglia (VIDEO) DiGiovanni Verga, a work that deals with the struggle, the levels of the social ladder piùbassi Sicily, for the basic needs of Vitaqua begins to be alive soul of the people should dibenessere. The human environment is poor and culturally distant dalnarratore describing it without the need for personal cosicchépossa be absolutely truthful.
